The Iconic Smithfield Street Bridge
The Smithfield Street Bridge in Pittsburgh is a historic landmark that holds immense significance in the city’s rich history. Its unique design and remarkable longevity have made it an iconic symbol of Pittsburgh. As the city’s oldest surviving river bridge, the Smithfield Street Bridge has been an integral part of the community for over a century.
Early History and Construction
The Smithfield Street Bridge has a fascinating history that dates back to the early 19th century. The current bridge is actually the third iteration, with the first being a covered wooden structure known as the Monongahela Bridge. Designed by Louis Wernwag and completed in 1818, it was the only bridge spanning the Monongahela River at the time, connecting Pittsburgh to the growing municipalities to the south.
Unfortunately, the original Monongahela Bridge suffered significant damage in 1832 when a runaway boat collided with one of its piers. Although it was repaired, the bridge was ultimately destroyed during the Great Pittsburgh Fire of 1845. The stone piers were salvaged and used as the foundation for the second Monongahela Bridge, a wire cable suspension bridge designed by John A. Roebling, who would later gain fame as the architect of the Brooklyn Bridge.
The second Monongahela Bridge served the city for several decades, but the increasing traffic demands necessitated the construction of a larger and sturdier bridge. In 1881, Gustave Lindenthal, a renowned German-born bridge engineer, was commissioned to design the new structure. Construction began in 1881, and the bridge was opened to traffic on March 19, 1883, under its new name, the Smithfield Street Bridge.
Unique Design and Features
The Smithfield Street Bridge is renowned for its lenticular truss design, which sets it apart from other bridges of its time. It features two 360-foot spans, making it one of the longest lenticular truss bridges in the United States. The use of steel in its construction was groundbreaking, as most bridges of that era were made primarily of wrought and cast iron.
Over the years, the bridge underwent several expansions and modifications to accommodate the city’s growing population and increased traffic. In 1891, the upstream side of the bridge was expanded with the addition of a third truss, providing an extra traffic lane. This configuration remained in place for two decades until the final expansion, which added a second roadway to the existing structure.
Historical Significance and Recognition
The Smithfield Street Bridge holds immense historical significance and has received numerous accolades and recognition over the years. In 1974, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, acknowledging its architectural and engineering significance. Two years later, in 1976, it was designated as a National Historic Landmark, the highest honor bestowed upon a historic site in the United States.
The bridge’s rich history and architectural beauty have made it a beloved landmark in Pittsburgh. It is also highly regarded as a symbol of the city’s industrial and transportation heritage. Today, the Smithfield Street Bridge continues to serve as a vital transportation link, connecting the northern and southern shores of the Monongahela River.
The Bridge’s Role in Pittsburgh’s Development
Throughout its history, the Smithfield Street Bridge played a crucial role in Pittsburgh’s development and growth. It served as the main passageway across the Monongahela River, connecting the city’s downtown area with the surrounding communities. Until the completion of the Liberty Bridge in 1928, the Smithfield Street Bridge was an essential artery for residents of the South Hills, providing access to downtown Pittsburgh.
The bridge facilitated the transportation of goods and people, supporting the city’s industrial and commercial activities. It played a vital role in the coal mining era of West Liberty Borough and served as a major route for commuters traveling to and from the communities of Brookline and Beechview. The bridge’s strategic location near the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie railroad freight yards made it a crucial link for transporting coal and other commodities into the city.
Evolution and Adaptation
Over the years, the Smithfield Street Bridge has undergone various changes and adaptations to meet the evolving needs of the city. In 1994, the bridge underwent a significant rehabilitation project that included the installation of a new deck, a fresh paint scheme, and architectural lighting. The abandoned rail lines were repurposed into an additional traffic lane, and a light-controlled bus lane was added during peak traffic hours.
Despite its age, the Smithfield Street Bridge remains a vital transportation artery in Pittsburgh, leading through downtown as Smithfield Street. It continues to serve as a crucial link between the northern and southern shores of the Monongahela River, accommodating high volumes of automobile and transit traffic. The pedestrian walkway on the bridge is also an essential connection between the bustling downtown area and the popular Station Square complex.
Preserving the Bridge’s Legacy
As a cherished historic landmark, preserving the Smithfield Street Bridge’s legacy is of utmost importance. The bridge’s unique architectural and engineering features, along with its storied history, make it an invaluable part of Pittsburgh’s cultural heritage. Efforts have been made to maintain its structural integrity while ensuring its continued functionality and accessibility.
The bridge’s designation as a National Historic Landmark provides additional protection and recognition, ensuring that its historical significance is preserved for future generations. The Pittsburgh community, along with various preservation organizations, is committed to maintaining and celebrating the bridge’s legacy, ensuring that it remains a prominent symbol of the city’s history and progress.
Exploring the Smithfield Street Bridge
Visitors to Pittsburgh should not miss the opportunity to explore and experience the Smithfield Street Bridge firsthand. Walking along the pedestrian walkway offers breathtaking views of the city’s skyline, the Monongahela River, and the surrounding areas. The bridge’s unique design and architectural details provide a glimpse into the city’s rich industrial past.
Additionally, the bridge’s strategic location near Station Square, a vibrant entertainment and shopping complex, offers easy access to numerous attractions and amenities. Whether taking a leisurely stroll, capturing stunning photographs, or simply appreciating the bridge’s historical significance, a visit to the Smithfield Street Bridge is an essential part of any Pittsburgh itinerary.
The Smithfield Street Bridge stands as a testament to Pittsburgh’s industrial heritage and ingenuity. From its humble beginnings as a wooden toll bridge to its current status as a National Historic Landmark, the bridge has witnessed the city’s growth and transformation over the years. Its unique design, historical significance, and vital role in Pittsburgh’s development make it a beloved icon and a cherished part of the city’s cultural fabric. Whether as a transportation artery or a captivating landmark, the Smithfield Street Bridge continues to bridge the past and present, connecting people and communities in the heart of Pittsburgh.
